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Table 1 Definition of headache status according to the modified* criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS) [16, 17]

From: Migraine or any headaches and white matter hyperintensities and their progression in women and men

headache

migraine

definite MigA+

definite MigA + according to the modified criteria of the IHS and one of the following accompanying symptoms immediately before headache: visual impairments (like flickering, streaks, lines, scotoma, zigzag figures), spreading sensoric paresthesia or numbness, motoric dysfunction or disorders of speech or language

probable MigA+

headache or probable MigA + according to the modified criteria of the IHS and one of the following accompanying symptoms immediately before headache: visual impairments (like flickering, streaks, lines, scotoma, zigzag figures), spreading sensoric paresthesia or numbness, motoric dysfunction or disorders of speech or language

definitive MigA-

according to the modified criteria of the IHS

probable MigA-

according to the modified criteria of the IHS

non-migraine

nonMigHA

any headache not fulfilling the criteria for MigA + and MigA-

neverHA

neverHA

remaining participants who stated they had never had a headache in their lives

  1. MigA+, migraine with aura; MigA-, migraine without aura; nonMigHA, non-migraine headache; neverHA, never headache; IHS, International Headache Society
  2. *The questionnaire was a modified version of the validated questionnaire of the German Headache Consortium study [17, 22]. The original questionnaire was developed and validated for headaches and migraine symptoms within the last 12 months, we asked for headache and migraine symptoms that had ever occurred in the lifetime