Table 1 Patient characteristics: Overview of all patients, patients with no headaches, unchanged headaches, more severe headaches and new onset headaches for demographic data, headache subsets and co-morbidities, n = number, µ = mean, SD = standard deviation, p = p-value
All patients | No headaches | Unchanged headaches | More severe headaches | New onset headaches | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 93 | n = 12 | n = 18 | n = 17 | n = 46 | ||
Demographic data | ||||||
Age [µ ± SD] | 49.74 ± 13.98 | 53.64 ± 15.17 | 48. 17 ± 12.03 | 54.76 ± 11.47 | 47.57 ± 14.56 | 0.23 |
Sex. male [n (%)] | 25 (26.88) | 5 (41.67) | 7 (38.89) | 2 (11.76) | 11 (23.91) | 0.18 |
Sex. female [n (%)] | 68 (73.12) | 7 (58.33) | 11 (61.11) | 15 (88.24) | 35 (76.09) | 0.18 |
Headache days [µ ± SD] | 9.59 ± 10.70 | - | 2.222 ± 3.098 | 14.94 ± 11.27 | 12.98 ± 10.81 | < 0.0001 |
Intervall between acute COVID-19 infection and the first visit to the post-COVID-19 clinic [µ ± SD] | 249.7 ± 166.0 | 268.7 ± 150.9 | 162.6 ± 99.53 | 290.6 ± 146.1 | 265.0 ± 190.3 | 0,0385 |
Headache subsets | ||||||
Tension-type headaches [n (%)] | 21 (22.58) | 0 (0) | 5 (27.78) | 6 (35.29) | 10 (21.74) | 0.022 |
Migraine [n (%)] | 33 (35.48) | 0 (0) | 7 (39.89) | 11 (64.71) | 15 (32.61) | 0.022 |
New daily persistent headache [n (%)] | 7 (7.53) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (15.22) | 0.022 |
Others [n (%)] * | 20 (21.51) | 0 (0) | 6 (33.33) | 0 (0) | 14 (30.43) | 0.022 |
Co-morbidities | ||||||
Hypertension [n (%)] | 27 (29.03) | 6 (50.00) | 4 (22.22) | 5 (29.41) | 12 (26.09) | 0.34 |
Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 11 (11.83) | 1 (8.33) | 1 (5.56) | 3 (17.65) | 6 (13.04) | 0.7 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [n (%)] | 12 (12.90) | 3 (25.00) | 3 (16.67) | 1 (5.88) | 5 (10.87) | 0.44 |
Depression [n (%)] | 15 (16.13) | 1 (8.33) | 2 (11.11) | 3 (17.65) | 9 (19.57) | 0.73 |
Rheumatic Disease [n (%)] | 4 (4.30) | 1 (8.33) | 1 (5.56) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.35) | 0.73 |
Active Cancer [n (%)] | 2 (2.15) | 1 (8.33) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.17) | 0.4 |
Systemic immune suppression [n (%)] | 3 (3.23) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.56) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.35) | 0.7 |
Functional status | ||||||
Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) [µ ± SD] | 36.25 ± 8.30 | 33.25 ± 8.86 | 31.22 ± 8.42 | 37.82 ± 6.75 | 38.41 ± 7.50 | 0.007 |
Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCSF) [µ ± SD] | 2.41 ± 0.61 | 2.00 ± 0.58 | 2.17 ± 0.60 | 2.29 ± 0.46 | 2.65 ± 0.56 | 0.0007 |
Montreal-Cognitive-Assessment (MOCA) [µ ± SD] | 25.64 ± 2.79 | 25.92 ± 2.66 | 26.59 ± 1.94 | 25.47 ± 2.55 | 25.27 ± 3.08 | 0.47 |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) [µ ± SD] | 12.39 ± 5.85 | 11.27 ± 5.45 | 9.06 ± 4.10 | 13.53 ± 6.12 | 13.62 ± 5.88 | 0.030 |