Table 2 Bivariate analyses of associations between headache types and demographic variables

Gender

Male (n = 737)

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Female (n = 1,329)

3.1 [2.5-4.0]

p < 0.001

1.1 [0.9–1.3]

p = 0.53

6.6 [2.9–18.9]

p < 0.001

2.6 [1.6–4.6]

p < 0.001

Age (years)

18–25 (n = 401)

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26–35 (n = 552)

1.2 [0.9–1.6]

p = 0.15

1.0 [0.8–1.3]

p = 0.92

3.2 [1.2–11.0]

p = 0.04

1.2 [0.6–2.1]

p = 0.63

36–45 (n = 479)

1.4 [1.0-1.8]

p = 0.05

0.9 [0.6–1.1]

p = 0.26

4.3 [1.6–15.0]

p = 0.008

1.0 [0.5–1.8]

p = 0.92

46–55 (n = 342)

1.2 [0.9–1.7]

p = 0.24

0.6 [0.5–0.9]

p = 0.004

3.6 [1.2–13.0]

p = 0.03

0.9 [0.5–1.8]

p = 0.82

56–65 (n = 292)

0.8 [0.5–1.1]

p = 0.18

0.7 [0.5-1.0]

p = 0.06

3.2 [1.0-11.7]

p = 0.06

0.6 [0.3–1.4]

p = 0.28

Habitation

Urban (n = 1,076)

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Rural (n = 990)

1.3 [1.1–1.6]

p = 0.003

1.0 [0.8–1.2]

p = 0.94

3.5 [2.0-6.6]

p < 0.001

2.0 [1.3–3.1]

p = 0.001

Marital status

Single (n = 325)

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Married (n = 1,605)

1.4 [1.1–1.9]

p = 0.02

0.7 [0.6-1.0]

p = 0.02

11.9 [2.6-211.3]

p = 0.01

1.5 [0.8–3.1]

p = 0.24

Widowed, separated or divorced (n = 136)

1.4 [0.9–2.1]

p = 0.18

0.8 [0.5–1.2]

p = 0.23

9.8 [1.4–193.0]

p = 0.04

3.0 [1.3–7.4]

p = 0.01

Education level

Illiterate (n = 319)

2.3 [1.6–3.5]

p < 0.001

1.4 [0.9-2.0]

p = 0.12

11.2 [3.3–69.5]

p = 0.001

7.6 [2.2–47.7]

p = 0.006

Primary school (n = 67)

1.9 [1.0-3.4]

p = 0.04

1.8 [1.0-3.2]

p = 0.04

1.6 [0.1–17.3]

p = 0.69

10.6 [2.4–73.4]

p = 0.004

Middle school (n = 378)

1.7 [1.2–2.6]

p = 0.006

1.5 [1.0-2.1]

p = 0.04

3.8 [1.0-24.6]

p = 0.08

6.0 [1.7–37.9]

p = 0.02

High school (n = 327)

1.4 [0.9–2.1]

p = 0.10

1.4 [1.0-2.1]

p = 0.09

2.7 [0.7–18.0]

= 0.21

6.6 [1.9–41.9]

p = 0.01

Intermediate or post high school (n = 274)

1.2 [0.8–1.9]

p = 0.33

1.9 [1.3–2.9]

p < 0.001

0.8 [0.1–6.6]

p = 0.81

3.2 [0.8–21.6]

p = 0.14

Graduate or post graduate (n = 484)

1.3 [0.9-2.0]

p = 0.15

1.6 [1.2–2.4]

p = 0.006

1.3 [0.3–9.3]

p = 0.72

4.4 [1.3–27.7]

p = 0.05

Profession or honours (n = 217)

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Household income (INR)¹

< 150,000 (n = 632)

1.8 [1.3–2.7]

p < 0.001

1.3 [0.9–1.9]

p = 0.10

10.9 [2.3-195.1]

p = 0.02

3.8 [1.5–12.7]

p = 0.01

150,000-299,999 (n = 562)

1.3 [0.9-2.0]

p = 0.13

1.6 [1.2–2.3]

p = 0.006

6.4 [1.3-115.6]

p = 0.05

2.6 [1.0–9.0]

p = 0.07

300,000-499,999 (n = 350)

1.3 [0.9–1.9]

p = 0.25

1.4 [1.0-2.1]

p = 0.06

4.7 [0.8–86.7]

p = 0.15

1.7 [0.6–6.3]

p = 0.34

500,000-659,999 (n = 139)

0.7 [0.4–1.2]

p = 0.21

2.0 [1.2–3.1]

p = 0.004

3.0 [0.3–64.8]

p = 0.37

1.1 [0.2–5.1]

p = 0.89

650,000-999,999 (n = 164)

0.9 [0.5–1.5]

p = 0.63

1.2 [0.8–1.9]

p = 0.42

2.5 [0.2–54.7]

p = 0.45

1.3 [0.3–5.4]

p = 0.74

> 1,000,000 (n = 206)

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