Table 1 Clinical characteristics of included participants. Parentheses indicate percent of n within each of the four columns.  *eCH patients in remission were asked the use and number of preventive medication during the last CH episode. Abbreviations:  CH, cluster headache; cCH, chronic cluster headache; eCH, episodic cluster headache

N

155 (male=106)

76 (male=42)

79 (male=64)

127 (male=86)

Gender ratio (m : f)

2.16

1.24

4.27

2.01

Age (years)

53.3 ± 13.3

53.9 ± 12.1

52.8 ± 14.5

54.7 ± 13.4

Age at onset (years)

33.3 ± 15.8

36.1 ± 15.4

30.4 ± 15.9

28.6 ± 13.5

Disease duration (years)

20.7 ± 14.5

17.8 ± 13.9

23.5 ± 14.5

25.7 ± 15.3

Typical episode duration (weeks)

11.4 ± 8.5

11.1 ± 11.8

Attack frequency (attacks in last week)

12.7 ± 11.2

13.9 ± 11.2

11.5 ± 11.2

0

Headache intensity (0-10)

7.7 ± 2.2

8.1 ± 1.8

7.4 ± 2.2

8.9 ± 1.3

Nocturnal attacks, n

112 (72.2%)

59 (77.6%)

53 (67.0%)

112 (88.1%)

Number of cranial autonomic symptoms

4.9 ± 1.9

4.7 ± 1.9

5.1 ± 1.8

4.9 ± 2.0

Restlessness during attacks, n

151 (97.4%)

73 (96.1%)

78 (98.7%)

125 (98.4%)

Use of acute medication, n

154 (99.4%)

76 (100%)

78 (98.7%)

125 (98.4%)

Number of different acute medications currently used

4.1 ± 3.7

4.9 ± 3.3

3.3 ± 3.9

5.2 ± 3.6

Number of different triptans currently used

1.1 ± 1.3

1.1 ± 1.2

1.0 ± 1.3

1.7 ± 1.6

Acute medication uses (in last week)

6.9 ± 7.3

8.2 ± 8.0

5.7 ± 6.2

---

Current use of preventive medication, n

143 (91.0%)

69 (90.8%)

72 (91.1%)

114 (89.8%)*

Number of different preventive medications currently used

2.3 ± 2.3

2.8 ± 2.4

1.8 ± 2.0

2.6 ± 2.4*

Current cigarette smoking, n

43 (27.7%)

19 (25.0%)

24 (30.4%)

24 (18.9%)

Current smokeless tobacco smoking, n

8 (5.2%)

5 (6.6%)

3 (3.8%)

9 (7.1%)

Current alcohol consumption, n

66 (42.6%)

19 (25.0%)

47 (59.5%)

73 (57.5%)