Fig. 5

Comparisons of executive vigilance and arousal vigilance systems between patients and healthy controls. (A) Hit rate for the first 15-executive vigilance trials (time 1) and the last 15-executive vigilance trials (time 2) with a significant increase in controls but not in patients across times; (B) Left panel, topographies of peak amplitude of P1 at time 1 and time 2, as well as their differences for executive vigilance trials; Right panel, group × time interaction effect on the peak amplitude of P1 for executive vigilance trials, revealing a larger increase in P1 peak amplitude for healthy controls than that for patients across times and a larger P1 peak amplitude for patients than that for healthy controls at time 1; (C) ERP waveforms at the primary visual cortex (i.e., PO5, PO7, O1, PO6, PO8 and O2 electrodes) at time 1 and time 2 for executive vigilance trials; (D) Group difference in RT for arousal vigilance trials across times; (E) Group difference in IIRTV for arousal vigilance trials across times; (F) Group difference in RT for arousal vigilance trials across attended (fastest 15-arousal vigilance trials) and unattended (slowest 15-arousal vigilance trials) states; (G) No group difference in IIRTV for arousal vigilance trials across states; (H) ERP waveforms at Pz electrode under two states for both groups; (I) Topographies of averaged amplitude of P3 under two states for both groups; (J) Group × state interaction effect on averaged amplitude of P3 for arousal vigilance trials, revealing a significant state difference in patients and a higher amplitude trend in patients under attended-state. ns., not significant; ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001. EV, executive vigilance; AV, arousal vigilance; RT, reaction time; IIRTV, intra-individual reaction time variability