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Table 3 Cognitive and affective assessment of the patients according to study period and stimulation status. Values are expressed by means and standard deviations (SD) of the raw scores at each time of measure. TMT: Trail making test, WAIS-IV: Wechsler adult intelligence scale IV, RMET: reading the mind in the eyes task, FR: Free Recall, TR: total recall, FEEST: facial expression of emotion: stimuli and test, M-WCST: modified– Wisconsin Card sorting test, Stroop I-N: Stroop interference– naming

From: Safety and feasibility of deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate and thalamus in chronic refractory neuropathic pain: a pilot and randomized study

Tests

Baseline

Thalamus

Thalamus and ACC

ACC Off

ACC On

End of Study

MMSE

29.00 (0.82)

29.00 (1.15)

28.57 (1.51)

29.17 (1.17)

28.14 (1.57)

28.00 (1.41)

TMT A

45.75 (28.44)

39.14 (14.21)

43.50 (17.49)

40.50 (19.11)

47.00 (23.9)

38.83 (18.93)

TMT B

89.17 (32.42)

98.40 (62.34)

110.86 (55.73)

122.6 (63.33)

102.50 (59.55)

100.40 (60.47)

TMT B-A

48.33 (23.72)

62.20 (46.79)

69.86 (43.73)

87.8 (49.76)

61.33 (41.15)

67.80 (50.71)

Stroop naming

78.88 (21.89)

75.88 (24.28)

77.62 (19.16)

77.12 (16.6)

76.38 (15.42)

74.43 (14.8)

Stroop reading

58.50 (12.12)

60.25 (14.06)

61.62 (13.55)

62.38 (13.39)

60.62 (16.65)

58.86 (7.88)

Stroop interference

148.12 (39.26)

154.50 (54.27)

147.00 (49.58)

141.62 (42.88)

139.12 (37.43)

127.29 (35.36)

Stroop I-N

69.25 (23.37)

78.62 (41.27)

69.38 (36.45)

63.75 (34.92)

62.75 (30.07)

52.86 (28.93)

Six elements

4.88 (1.25)

5.14 (1.07)

4.88 (1.64)

5.50 (0.84)

5.62 (0.74)

6.00 (0.00)

Phonological fluency (P)

18.62 (6.76)

19.29 (5.96)

20.88 (7.24)

20.67 (8.91)

17.57 (7.28)

22.00 (11.42)

Categorical fluency

23.88 (5.69)

20.57 (7.41)

24.12 (7.20)

28.5 (9.59)

24.86 (11.61)

27.00 (7.38)

M-WCST

3.88 (3.48)

1.57 (1.72)

1.62 (1.92)

1.00 (1.26)

1.00 (1.53)

0.50 (0.55)

Brixton

17.00 (7.86)

15.25 (6.88)

13.75 (4.83)

10.43 (3.21)

11.88 (4.49)

10.00 (3.46)

Double task

97.80 (12.11)

86.88 (9.38)

93.86 (5.30)

89.35 (15.96)

84.80 (10.39)

84.24 (11.83)

FEEST

50.75 (4.17)

48.86 (4.71)

49.38 (3.07)

49.33 (1.97)

51.43 (4.24)

50.67 (2.66)

RMET

19.75 (4.40)

20.57 (2.07)

21.38 (3.42)

20.33 (3.88)

20.29 (3.3)

22.50 (3.27)

FR 1

7.50 (2.20)

9.38 (2.33)

9.50 (2.20)

10.29 (2.43)

9.88 (2.64)

10.33 (2.5)

FR 2

10.12 (3.83)

10.38 (2.45)

9.50 (3.59)

12.14 (3.24)

11.25 (3.11)

11.67 (3.14)

FR 3

11.25 (2.60)

11.75 (3.28)

11.00 (2.62)

12.00 (2.83)

11.50 (2.62)

12.83 (4.45)

FR 4

9.88 (3.98)

11.43 (2.88)

10.75 (2.96)

12.20 (4.32)

12.00 (2.83)

12.67 (2.73)

TR 1

14.38 (1.30)

14.75 (1.49)

13.88 (2.03)

14.86 (0.90)

14.38 (2.07)

13.83 (2.32)

TR 2

14.75 (1.28)

15.38 (0.74)

14.88 (2.23)

15.57 (0.79)

15.12 (0.99)

15.50 (1.22)

TR 3

15.25 (1.16)

15.75 (0.46)

15.00 (1.77)

15.43 (1.51)

15.75 (0.71)

15.83 (0.41)

TR 4

15.00 (1.60)

15.86 (0.38)

14.62 (2.07)

15.20 (1.79)

15.00 (1.53)

15.33 (1.03)

Digit span total

8.75 (3.37)

9.00 (2.16)

9.12 (2.59)

10.00 (2.76)

9.50 (2.93)

9.67 (3.33)

Forward span

8.75 (2.87)

9.00 (2.08)

9.12 (2.30)

9.57 (2.70)

9.75 (2.25)

9.67 (2.80)

Backward span

9.12 (2.59)

8.86 (1.95)

9.12 (2.42)

9.57 (1.90)

9.25 (2.87)

9.67 (1.97)

Ascending span

9.50 (3.82)

9.57 (2.76)

10.38 (3.11)

10.33 (3.61)

10.25 (3.37)

10.50 (4.72)