Table 5 Predictors of CH diagnostic delay (DD)
From: Cluster headache diagnostic delay and its predictors: a systematic review with a meta-analysis
Fredericksen et al. [22] | Vikelis & Rappoport [18] | Van Alboom et al. [12] | Van Vielt et al. [28] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Occurrence after 1990–2000 | associated with decreased DD | associated with decreased DD | factor not considered | factor not considered |
Lower age of CH onset | factor not considered | factor not considered | associated with increased DD | associated with increased DD |
Female sex | not associated with DD | factor not considered | factor not considered | not associated with DD |
Episodic CH pattern | not associated with DD | factor not considered | not associated with DD | associated with increased DD |
CH familial disposition | not associated with DD | factor not considered | factor not considered | factor not considered |
Attack duration > 180’ | associated with increased DD | factor not considered | factor not considered | factor not considered |
Alternating attack side | not associated with DD | associated with increased DD | not associated with DD | associated with increased DD |
Absence of restlessness/agitation | not associated with DD | factor not considered | factor not considered | factor not considered |
Presence of restlessness/agitation | factor not considered | factor not considered | factor not considered | not associated with DD |
Absence of autonomic symptoms | factor not considered | associated with increased DD | factor not considered | factor not considered |
High number of autonomic symptoms | factor not considered | factor not considered | associated with decreased DD | factor not considered |
Migraine-like features | associated with increased DD | associated with increased DD | not associated with DD | associated with increased DD |
Nocturnal attacks | associated with increased DD | factor not considered | factor not considered | associated with increased DD |
Pain extension | factor not considered | associated with increased DD | factor not considered | not associated with DD |
Pain intensity less than very severe | not associated with DD | factor not considered | factor not considered | factor not considered |
Pain that does not reach its peak in the first 5 min | factor not considered | factor not considered | associated with increased DD | factor not considered |
Sweating of forehead or face | factor not considered | associated with increased DD | factor not considered | factor not considered |
Interictal headache | factor not considered | factor not considered | factor not considered | not associated with DD |
Circadian rhythmicity | factor not considered | factor not considered | factor not considered | not associated with DD |
Aggravation by physical activities | factor not considered | associated with increased DD | factor not considered | factor not considered |
Co-existing migraine | not associated with DD | factor not considered | factor not considered | factor not considered |