Fig. 2

Periorbital nociceptive thresholds in rats after different modeling and tONS treatments. The nociceptive thresholds in rats in the IS + Sham groups were significantly lower than those in the NS + Sham groups from Days 11 to Day 13 and thereafter remained stable (n = 10 rats/group). After true tONS treatment, the nociceptive threshold was observed to be significantly higher in the IS + True groups than in the IS + Sham group on Day 16 and lasted until the final test. The shadow represents the period of tONS treatments (Day 14 to Day 18). ## P < 0.01, IS + Sham vs. NS + Sham; ** P < 0.01, IS + True vs. IS + Sham, error bars represent SEM