Table 1 Summary of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in migraine
PROM Name | Reference | Objective measures tested by the PROM | Response options | Recall period | Patient involvement: |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HDI (Headache Disability Inventory) | Jacobson et al. 1994 [27] | 25 items of functional and emotional impact | Mild, moderate, severe scoring system | Nil specified | No |
HDQ (Headache-Specific Disability Questionnaire) | Niere et al. 2009 [28] | 9 items of pain severity and functional impact | Scale of 0–10 (never/none to always/unable to do task) | The last month | No |
HIT-6 (Headache Impact Test-6) | Kosinski et al. 2003 [29] | 6 items about functional impact | Scale from never, rarely, sometimes, very often to always | The last 4 weeks | No |
MIDAS (Migraine Disability Assessment) | Stewart et al. 1999 [30] | 5 items about functional impact on chores, work and leisure | Number of days affected | The last 3 months | No |
MSQv2.1 | Martin et al. 2000 [31] | 14 items about restrictions to work and leisure, prevention of work and leisure, and emotional impact | Number of days affected | The last 4 weeks | Yes |
MSQOL (Migraine-Specific Quality of Life) | McKenna et al. 1998 [32] | 14 items about functional impact on work, social life, energy levels, headache symptoms and general worries/concerns | 6 point Likert scale from never, rarely, sometimes, pretty, almost, always | The last 4 weeks | Yes |
HANA (Headache Needs Assessment) | Cramer et al. 2001 [33] | 7 items about functional impact and mood | 5 point Likert scale from never, rarely, sometimes, often to all the time | The last 4 weeks | Yes |
Eurolight | Andree et al. 2010 [34] | 103 items about headache disability, disease management and quality of life | 7% open questions, 15% numerical responses (number needed), 78% categorical (tick or no tick) | Varies from “yesterday”, the last 30 days, last 3 months, “the last year” and “last day you had headache” | No |
CORS (Completeness of response to migraine therapy) | Coon et al. 2012 [35] | 32 items related to satisfaction of migraine therapy e.g. completeness of relief, speed of relief, return to functionality, fatigue, overall satisfaction etc. | 5 point Likert scale of zero/none of the time to four/always | Response to single dose of medication and its effect within 2 h and 24 h respectively | Yes |
Migraine-ACT (migraine assessment of current therapy) | Dowson et al. 2004 [36] | 4 items for evaluation of acute medication e.g. speed, extent and consistency of relief | Yes/no responses to all 4 questions | Last 2 h since taking acute medication | No |
MTAQ (Migraine Therapy Assessment questionnaire) | Chatterton et al. 2002 [37] | 9 items to identify potential management issues e.g. migraine control, treatment satisfaction and economic burden of treatment | Yes/no responses to all questions | Last 2 h since taking acute medication | Yes |
M-TOQ-5 (Migraine Treatment Optimisation-5 questionnaire) | Lipton et al. 2009 [31] | 5 items about treatment optimisation | Yes/no responses | Varies from last 2 h of taking acute medication to last 24 h | No |
M-TOQ-15 (Migraine Treatment Optimisation-15 questionnaire) | Lipton et al. 2009 [38] | 15 items about treatment optimisation | Yes/no responses | Varies from last 2 h of taking acute medication to last 24 h, up to last 4 weeks | No |
M-TOQ (Migraine Treatment Optimisation questionnaire) | Lipton et al. 2009 [38] | 19 items about treatment optimisation | Yes/no responses | Varies from last 2 h of taking acute medication to last 24 h, up to last 4 weeks | No |
PPMQ-R (Patient perception of migraine treatment- revised) | Revicki et al. 2006 [39] | 29 items about satisfaction with migraine treatment e.g. efficacy, function, cost, side effects | 7 point Likert scale from very satisfied to dissatisfied | Varies from last 24 h to last 4 weeks | Yes |
SF-36 (Short Form Healthy Survey 36)– headache specific | Magnusson et al. 2012 [40] | 36 items about quality of life and disability with general questions about health, physical health, body pain, and general pain | 5 point Likert scale from poor-excellent, 5 point Likert scale from much better to much worse, 3 point scale from limited a lot to limited a little, to yes/no answers | Last 4 weeks | No |
SF-12 (Short Form Healthy Survey 12) | Ware et al. 1996 [41] | Quality of life and disability | 5 point Likert scale from poor-excellent, 5 point Likerty scale from much better to much worse, 3 point scale from limited a lot to limited a little, to yes/no answers | Last 24 h to last week | No |
EQ-5D (European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions) | EuroQOL Group 1990 [42] | 15 items about quality of life | Tick for yes/no | Today | No |
MIGraine attacks- Subjective COGnitive impairments scale (MIG-SCOG) | Gil Gouveia et al. 2011 [43] | 9 items about subjective cognitive complaints regarding language and executive function | 3 possible responses: often/sometimes/no | Not specified | Yes |
The Migraine Work and Productivity Loss Questionnaire (MWPLQ) | Lerner et al. 1999 [44] | 29 items to assess impact of migraine and its therapies on paid work | 6 point Lickert scale ranging from ‘no difficulty’ to ‘couldn’t do at all’ | Most recent episode of migraine | Yes |