Table 3 A summary of studies covering imaging biomarkers in headaches’ differentiation
Ref. | Year | Population | Comparison | Imaging type | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sollmann et al. [52] | 2023 | 12 TTH + MIG pts 16 TTH only pts | 22 HC | 3T MRI of neck and shoulder region | ↑ trapezius muscle T2 values in TTH + MIG pts than in TTH pts and HC ↑ muscle T2 values associated with ↑ headache days and neck pain |
Kazancı et al. [53] | 2019 | 23 MIG pts ictally 20 MIG pts interictally 20 TTH pts | 21 HC | carotid intima media thickness by USG | NSD between any groups |
Messina et al. [54] | 2023 | 20 MIG pts 20 CH pts | 15 HC | brain 3T MRI (structural and functional data) | accuracy of CH and MIG differentiation of 78% (99% when combined with clinical data) left thalamic network as the most discriminative feature |
Giorgio et al. [37] | 2020 | 13 MIG pts 12 CH pts | 13 HC | brain 3T MRI (T1- and T2- weighted) | ↓ grey matter volumes of frontal regions in CH than MIG and HC and of occipital regions compared to MIG ↑ FC of working memory and executive control networks in CH than MIG and HC and of cerebellar and auditory language comprehension networks than MIG |
Chong et al. [38] | 2020 | 19 MIG pts 18 CH pts | 22 HC | brain 3T MRI (T1-weighted) | + correlation for each group between right and left hypothalamic region volumes with cortical thickness ↓ structural covariance of hypothalamic region volume with frontal and temporal cortical thickness in MIG and CH than HC |
Schewdt et al. [39] | 2017 | 28 MIG pts 28 PPTH pts | 28 HC | brain 3T MRI (T1-weighted) | differences between MIG and PPTH of structure of R lateral orbitofrontal, L caudal middle frontal, and L superior frontal lobes and L praecuneus and R supramarginal gyrus differences between PPTH and HC in structure of R lateral orbitofrontal lobe, R supramarginal gyrus, and L superior frontal lobe NSD between MIG and HC in those structures |
Dumkrieger et al. [40] | 2019 | 33 MIG pts 44 PPTH pts | 36 HC | brain 3T MRI (T1- and T2-weighted) | differences between MIG and PPTH in static FC in 17 regions pairs differences between MIG and PPTH in dynamic FC in 10 regions pairs |