Safety, efficacy, and compliance of moderate-to-high dose eptinezumab and erenumab in chronic migraine patients with medication-overuse headache: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included studies

Study	Design	Type of cGRPi	Doses (mg/ month)	Patients, n cGRPi/PBO	Male, % cGRPi/PBO	Age ^†, cGRPi /PBO	Baseline MMDs ^†, days cGRPi/PBO	Baseline MHD ^†, days cGRPi/PBO	Baseline simple analgesic overuse, n (%) cGRPi/PBO	Baseline triptan/ergot/opioid overuse, n (%) cGRPi/PBO
Promise 2¹⁶	*RCT	Eptinezumab	Standard (100); High (300)	139; 147 / 145	13.7; 10.9 / 13.8	41.5 (11.36); 42.1 (10.16) / 40.7 (10.86)	16.7 (4.58) 16.7 (4.92) / 16.7 (4.43)	20.7 (3.00) 20.6 (3.28) / 20.7 (3.00)	26 (18.7) 19 (12.9) / 30 (20.7)	83 (59.7) 105 (71.4) / 88 (60.7)
Tepper 2024¹⁵	RCT	Erenumab	Standard (70); High (140)	195; 195 / 194	17.9; 14.9 / 19.6	43.2 (11.8); 43.5 (12.6) / 44.4 (12.6)	19.2 (4.6); 18.5 (4.6) / 18.6 (4.6)	20.8 (3.9); 20.7 (3.8) / 20.8 (3.9)	18 (9.2); 12 (6.2) / 19 (9.8)	132 (67.7); 140 (71.8) / 128 (66)
Yu 2023¹⁷	RCT	Eptinezumab	Only standard (100)	93 / 100	26.7 / 18	43.5 (4.9) / 44.5 (4.9)	19.5 (3.6) / 19.7 (3.8)	20.6 (2.9) / 20.9 (3.3)	N /A	N /A

^*RCT: randomized controlled trial; PBO: Placebo; cGRPi: anti-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide monoclonal antibodies; ^†mean (SD); MMD: Monthly Migraine Days; MHDs: Monthly Headache Days; n: number of events or participants
Definitions
1. MMDs: The total number of days in a calendar month during which a patient experiences a migraine attack meeting diagnostic criteria (e.g., pain severity, duration, associated symptoms such as nausea or sensitivity to light/sound)
2. MOH remission; ICHD−3 Criteria: Headache days reduced to < 15 days/month after discontinuing the overused medication for at least 2 months
3. TESAEs: A serious adverse event is defined as a medical event linked to a drug, device, or intervention that results in death, a life-threatening condition, hospitalization, significant disability, a congenital anomaly, or requires intervention to prevent permanent harm
4. MHDs: the total number of days in a calendar month where a patient experiences a headache, regardless of whether the headache fulfills the specific criteria for a migraine

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