Fig. 5

The importance and contribution of each characteristic variable in the ML model were evaluated based on shap analysis. A. Feature colony map interpretable based on SHAP; B. Feature importance ranking graph that can be interpreted based on SHAP; C. Interpretable feature variable waterfall diagram based on SHAP; D. Contribution maps of individual features interpretable based on SHAP. E. Visual operational interface of the migraine prediction model. Abbreviations: WC, Waist Circumference; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; BMI: Body Mass Index; SHAP, SHapley Additive exPlanations; ML, Machine Learning