Table 3 Overview of Radio-clinical symptoms before and after CSFVF embolization

Radiological MRI-SIH

Mean ± std

Median[IQR]

Mean ± std

Median[IQR]

n

p

Overall Bern-score

6.2 ± 1.9

6.0 [5–8]

1.7 ± 1.5

2 [0–3]

30

< 0.001

 Brain sagging

76.9% (20)

38.5% (10)

Global quality of life

SF-36 mental

38.7 ± 25.7

37.3 [20–57]

73.1 ± 21.6

79.0 [65–87]

17

< 0.0001

 Poor (0–50)

76.4% (13)

5.9% (1)

 Fair (51–60)

5.9% (1)

5.9% (1)

 Good (61–75)

11.8% (2)

47.1% (8)

 Excellent (76–100)

5.9% (1)

52.9% (9)

SF36-Physical

37.3 ± 23.3

32.8 [20–50]

71.0 ± 24.4

75.8 [59–91]

17

0.0001

 Poor (0–50)

82.3% (14)

17.6% (3)

 Fair (51–60)

0% (0)

11.8% (2)

 Good (61–75)

17.6% (3)

11.8% (2)

 Excellent (76–100)

5.9% (1)

58.8% (10)

VAS-QoL (0-100)

23.5 ± 25.8

15.0 [0–40]

88.7 ± 15.5

100 [80–100]

30

< 0.0001

Headache related quality of life

HIT-6

65.7 ± 14.1

71.5 [62–75]

39.9 ± 7.1

36.0 [36–40]

30

< 0.0001

 Minimal (36–49)

16.7% (5)

83.3% (25)

 Moderate (50–55)

6.7% (2)

13.3% (4)

 Substantial (56–59)

0% (0)

3.3% (1)

 Severe (60–78)

76.7% (23)

0% (0%)

MSQ

47.7 ± 33.8

44.8 [22–77]

93.3 ± 14.6

100 [97–100]

29

< 0.0001

 Severe (0–50)

51.7% (15)

3.4% (1)

 Moderate (51–70)

17.2 (5%)

6.9% (2)

 Mild (71–85)

10.3% (3)

6.9% (2)

 Minimal (86–100)

20.7% (6)

82.7% (24)

MIDAS grade

3.4 ± 1.1

4.0 [4–4]

1.1 ± 0.6

1.0 [1–1]

30

< 0.0001

 Mild (I) (0–5)

13.3% (4)

83.3% (25)

 Moderate (II) (6–10)

10% (3)

3.3% (1)

 Severe (III) (11–20)

0% (0)

0% (0)

 Very severe (IV) (≥ 21)

76.7% (23)

13.3% (4)

Headache frequency and severity

VAS-HI (0-100)

74.3 ± 27.6

80 [70–100]

9.0 ± 15.6

0.0 [0–10]

30

< 0.0001

MHD (days/month)

25.0 ± 9.2

30 [20–33]

2.8 ± 7.4

0.0 [0–0]

30

< 0.0001

Audio-vestibular symptoms

DHI

35.8 ± 30.0

32.0 [0–54]

13.8 ± 20.5

0 [0–23]

27

0.002

 No (< 16)

29.6% (8)

55.6% (15)

 Mild (16–34)

22.2% (6)

22.2% (6)

 Moderate (36–52)

22.2% (6)

18.5% (5)

 Severe (54–100)

25.9% (7)

3.7% (1)

THI

23.5 ± 31.5

0.0 [0–50]

14.2 ± 25.5

0.0 [0–14]

27

0.102

 No (0)

48.1% (13)

63.0% (17)

 Very mild (1–16)

11.1% (3)

14.8% (4)

 Mild (18–36)

7.4% (2)

0% (0)

 Moderate (38–56)

22.2% (6)

14.8% (4)

 Severe (58–76)

3.7% (1)

3.7% (1)

 Catastrophic (78–100)_

7.4% (2)

3.7% (1)

15iSSQ

8.7 ± 2.1

10.0 [8.7–10]

9.4 ± 1.1

10 [8.9–10]

25

0.021

 Little-no (8–10)

80.0% (20)

84.0% (21)

 Mild-moderate (6–8)

0% (0)

12.0% (3)

 Moderate-severe (< 6)

20.0% (5)

4.0% (1)

Psychological symptoms

HAD-Anxiety

9.0 ± 4.2

9.0 [6–12]

3.6 ± 4.0

3.0 [0–5]

27

< 0.001

 No (0–7)

44.4% (12)

81.5% (22)

 Borderline (8–10)

22.2% (6)

11.1% (3)

 Likely clinical (≥ 11)

33.3% (9)

7.4% (2)

HAD-Depression

7.9 ± 5.1

7.0 [4–11]

1.7 ± 1.9

1.0 [0–3]

27

< 0.001

 No (0–7)

55.6% (15)

89.7% (26)

 Borderline (8–10)

14.8% (4)

3.7% (1)

 Likely clinical (≥ 11)

29.6% (8)

0% (0)

GAD

6.0 ± 7.1

3.0 [0–10]

2.7 ± 3.9

1.0 [0–6]

27

0.001

 Minimal (0–4)

59.3% (16)

70.4% (19)

 Mild (5–9)

14.8% (4)

18.5% (5)

 Moderate (10–14)

7.4% (2)

11.1% (3)

 Severe (15–21)

18.5% (5)

0% (0)

PHQ-9

8.8 ± 8.2

6.5 [3–12]

3.7 ± 4.3

2.0 [0–6]

24

0.003

 None (0–4)

45.8% (11)

66.6% (16)

 Mild (5–9)

20.8% (5)

16.7% (4)

 Moderate (10–14)

12.5% (3)

12.5% (3)

 Moderately severe (15–19)

0% (0)

4.2% (1)

 Severe (20–27)

20.8% (5)

0% (0)

SIDAS

1.3 ± 4.8

0.0 [0–0]

0.1 ± 0.4

0.0 [0.0]

27

0.250

 No (0–4)

92.6% (25)

100% (27)

 Mild (5–9)

3.7% (1)

0% (0)

 Moderate (10–14)

0% (0)

0% (0)

 Severe (15–20)

3.7% (1)

0% (0)

Spiritual well-being

FACIT-sp-12

24.8 ± 9.1

24.0 [20–32]

29.4 ± 10.1

26.5 [23–34]

24

0.002

 High (40–48)

4.2% (1)

16.7% (4)

 Moderate (20–39)

75% (18)

79.2% (19)

 Low well-being (0–19)

20.8% (5)

4.2% (1)