White matter and cortical gray matter microstructural alterations in migraine: a NODDI and DTI analysis

Table 1 Clinical and demographic features of participants

	Controls (n = 45)	EM (n = 35)	CM (n = 40)	P-value
Ages (years)	35(19)	37(20)	39.50(30.50)	0.843^a
BMI (kg/m²)	23.15(4.15)	22.23(4.60)	23.95(3.53)	0.207^a
Gender (female/male)	27/18	23/12	29/11	0.479^b
Headache history (years)	NA	11(16)	11(18.25)	0.463^c
Pain intensity VAS score	NA	7(2)	7(2.75)	0.314^c
HIT-6 score	NA	65.23 ± 7.53	66.05 ± 6.76	0.62^d
PHQ-9 score	NA	4(7)	9(8.75)	<0.001^c
GAD-7 score	NA	3(5)	6(8.5)	0.024^c
PSQI score	NA	8.03 ± 4.59	10.73 ± 5.29	0.022^d
MoCA score	NA	28(3)	28(4)	0.957^c
MIDAS score	NA	48(46)	83.5(119.25)	0.001^c

Note: NA, not applicable; BMI, body mass index; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; HIT-6, Headache Impact Test-6; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MIDAS, Migraine Disability Assessment Scale
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or as median [interquartile range, IQR]
^a Kruskal-Wallis H test
^b Chi-square test
^c Mann–Whitney U test
^d Independent Samples t test

ISSN: 1129-2377