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  2. Statins or 3‑hydroxy‑3‑methyl‑glutarylcoenzyme A (HMG‑CoA) reductase inhibitors are medications that act by reducing the cholesterol content of liver cells Moreover, statins have been found to improve endothel...

    Authors: Hamdy A. Makhlouf, Amr K. Hassan, Nereen A. Almosilhy, Ahmed S.A. Osman, Shrouk Ramadan and Moaz Elsayed Abouelmagd
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:23
    Content type: Review Published on:

  3. Substance P, previously dismissed as a therapeutic target for migraine due to the failure of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, warrants renewed attention. Building on the success of therapies targeting the ca...

    Authors: Lanfranco Pellesi and Lars Edvinsson
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:22
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  4. Headache disorders are common, including in the working population. Clinicians caring for patients with headache need to be aware of work-related factors as potential causes or triggers of headache disorders, ...

    Authors: Xiangning Fan, Ellina Lytvyak, Charl Els and Sebastian Straube
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:21
    Content type: Comment Published on:

  5. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs are widely used and are among the most significant achievements of modern pharmacology. Their primary purpose is treating and preventing gastric acid-related disorders. Migrai...

    Authors: Viktoria Tischler-Strasser, Irma Burdiladze, Goncalo Cabral, Esme Ekizoglu, Olga Grodzka, Keshet Pardo, Patryk Sochan, Laura Zaunandra, Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink and Christian Lampl
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:20
    Content type: Review Published on:

  8. Neuropathic pain poses a significant clinical challenge, largely due to the incomplete understanding of its molecular mechanisms, particularly the role of mitochondrial dysfunction. Bioinformatics analysis rev...

    Authors: Baolong Li, Kaiming Yu, Xiongyao Zhou, Jialu Sun, Le Qi, Weiye Li, Tuo Yang, Weizhen Li, Ningning Wang, Xiaosong Gu, Shusen Cui and Rangjuan Cao
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Headache is one of the most common post-concussion symptoms following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). To better understand its impact on young individuals, this study aims to investigate the prevalence...

    Authors: Marina Zeldovich, Leonie Krol, Katrin Cunitz, Christian Auer, Daniel Pinggera, Victoria Schön, Philipp Geiger, Joachim Suss, Inga K. Koerte, Emilie Isager Howe, Nada Andelic, Anna Buchheim, Matthias Gondan and Nicole von Steinbüchel
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Migraine is a complex neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe headaches. Although genetic factors have been implicated, the precise molecular mechanisms, particularly gene expressio...

    Authors: Lei Zhang, Yujie Li, Yunhao Xu, Wei Wang and Guangyu Guo
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:14
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Migraine progression, particularly from episodic to chronic migraine (CM), increases disease burden and healthcare costs. Understanding the new concept of “Medication Underuse Headache” should encourage the he...

    Authors: Wanakorn Rattanawong, Prakit Anukoolwittaya, Akarin Hiransuthikul, Thanakit Pongpitakmetha, Auranee Trisataya, Sekh Thanprasertsuk and Alan Rapoport
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Neuroimaging studies have shown that hypothalamic/thalamic nuclei and other distant brain regions belonging to complex cerebral networks are involved in cluster headache (CH). However, the exact relationship b...

    Authors: Chiara Abagnale, Antonio Di Renzo, Giada Giuliani, Gabriele Sebastianelli, Francesco Casillo, Lucia Ziccardi, Vincenzo Parisi, Cherubino Di Lorenzo, Mariano Serrao, Francesca Caramia, Vittorio Di Piero and Gianluca Coppola
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been established to be a key signaling molecule in migraine, but little is known about the differences between the two isoforms: αCGRP and βCGRP. Pre...

    Authors: Sofia Lyng Wæver and Kristian Agmund Haanes
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:11
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. The term “aura” refers to a well-defined pattern of usually positive, progressive, and reversible neurological symptoms, with spreading depolarization as the underlying mechanism. While commonly associated wit...

    Authors: Umberto Pensato, Andrew M. Demchuk, Jens P. Dreier, Kevin C. Brennan, Simona Sacco and Michele Romoli
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:9
    Content type: Review Published on:

  16. In our previous study, we demonstrated that headaches are highly prevalent among medical students in Vietnam. In the present study, we provide estimates of the associated symptom burden and impaired participat...

    Authors: Dung Viet Nguyen, Hieu Trung Vo, Khoi Hong Vo, Lam Tung Duong, Lam Que La, An Bao Hoang, Phu Hong Vo, Thao Thu Tran, Binh Van Phan, Huong Thi Thu Pham, Hai-Anh Nguyen, Nga Thi Bui, Phuc Duy Phan, Thang Xuan Pham, Cong-Hoang Nguyen, Ngoc-Linh Thi Pham…
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Migraine is the most common complex neurological disorder, affecting over a billion people worldwide. Neurogenic inflammation has long been recognized as a key factor in the pathophysiology of migraine though ...

    Authors: Tissa Wijeratne, Melanie J. Murphy, Chanith Wijeratne, Paolo Martelletti, Leila Karimi, Vasso Apostolopoulos, Carmela Sales, Nina Riddell and Sheila G. Crewther
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Diagnosing headache disorders poses significant challenges, particularly in primary and secondary levels of care (PSLC), potentially leading to misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. This study evaluates diagnostic ...

    Authors: Lucas Hendrik Overeem, Marlene Ulrich, Mira Pauline Fitzek, Kristin Sophie Lange, Ja Bin Hong, Uwe Reuter and Bianca Raffaelli
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Inter-individual variability in symptoms and the dynamic nature of brain pathophysiology present significant challenges in constructing a robust diagnostic model for migraine. In this study, we aimed to integr...

    Authors: Jong Young Namgung, Eunchan Noh, Yurim Jang, Mi Ji Lee and Bo-yong Park
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Rimegepant, a novel oral calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, has been recently approved for the acute migraine treatment. While its efficacy was confirmed in randomized clinical trials, no dat...

    Authors: Luigi Francesco Iannone, Gloria Vaghi, Gabriele Sebastianelli, Francesco Casillo, Antonio Russo, Marcello Silvestro, Francesca Pistoia, Giorgio Dalla Volta, Matteo Cortinovis, Alberto Chiarugi, Danilo Antonio Montisano, Maria Pia Prudenzano, Sabina Cevoli, Edoardo Mampreso, Gianluca Avino, Marina Romozzi…
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Migraine is a common primary headache disorder, less frequently affecting men than women, and often regarded as predominantly a “women’s disease.” Despite this, migraine in men presents with unique characteris...

    Authors: Mira P. Fitzek, Deirdre M. Boucherie, Tessa de Vries, Cleo Handtmann, Haniyeh Fathi, Bianca Raffaelli and Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:3
    Content type: Review Published on:

  22. Part 2 explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing the complexities of headache disorders through innovative approaches, including digital twin models, wearable healthca...

    Authors: Igor Petrušić, Chia-Chun Chiang, David Garcia-Azorin, Woo-Seok Ha, Raffaele Ornello, Lanfranco Pellesi, Eloisa Rubio-Beltrán, Ruth Ruscheweyh, Marta Waliszewska-Prosół and William Wells-Gatnik
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:2
    Content type: Review Published on:

  23. Migraine is a disabling disorder that impacts 40 million people in the US. Zavegepant is the first calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist nasal-spray approved for the acute treatment of mig...

    Authors: Lauren Powell, Fiona O’Sullivan, Pramoda Jayasinghe, Basia Rogula, Feng Dai, Jessica Cirillo, Samantha Sweeney, Lucy Abraham and Jessica Ailani
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. We have previously shown headache disorders to be prevalent in in the adult general population of Morocco, especially migraine (30.8%) and headache on ≥ 15 days/month (H15+; 10.5%). This study, collecting data...

    Authors: Najib Kissani, Latifa Adarmouch, Aboubacar Sidik Sidibe, Abderrahmane Garmane, Rachid Founoun, Mohamed Chraa, Andreas Husøy and Timothy J. Steiner
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:227
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. To describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of migraine and the status of treatment in Colombia. Additionally, the use of health resources by patients was measured.

    Authors: A. C. Rubio, J. A. Arciniegas, J. E. Bolanos-Lopez, F. J. Gonzalez, D. Gomez, A. Mesa, C. Bello, M. Garcia, L. E. Perez and J. M. Reyes
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:226
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have an increased risk of migraine. However, little is known about migraine and other headaches during the prodromal phase (before MS symptom onset). Our objective was to st...

    Authors: Karine Eid, Øivind Torkildsen, Jan Aarseth, Marianna Cortese, Trygve Holmøy, Kjell-Morten Myhr, Trond Riise, Stig Wergeland, Nils Erik Gilhus and Marte-Helene Bjørk
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:225
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. The aim of this systematic review is to identify pain profiling parameters that are reliably different between patients with migraine and healthy controls, using Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) including Te...

    Authors: Floor Clarissa van Welie, Albert Dahan, Monique van Velzen and Gisela Marie Terwindt
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:224
    Content type: Review Published on:

  30. The association between migraine and cognitive function has been studied during the last decade, however, this relationship is not well established. As migraine prevalence is highest between the ages of 30–40,...

    Authors: Catarina Fernandes, Austeja Dapkute, Ellie Watson, Irakli Kazaishvili, Piotr Chądzyński, Sara Varanda, Stefano Di Antonio, Veronica Munday, Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink and Christian Lampl
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:221
    Content type: Review Published on:

  31. The total burden of migraine includes not only the episodes with headache pain but extends throughout the interictal periods. Interictal symptoms and associated psychological responses may profoundly impact we...

    Authors: Christian Lampl, Elizabeth Seng, Maurice Vincent, William R. Lenderking, Margaret Hoyt, Lucinda Hetherington, Mary Kate Ladd, Karen Malley, Jun Chen and Lars Viktrup
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:220
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Migraine is a painful neurological syndrome characterized by attacks of throbbing headache, of moderate to severe intensity, which is associated with photo- and phono- sensitivity as well as nausea and vomitin...

    Authors: Darciane F. Baggio, Eder Gambeta, Ivana A. Souza, Sun Huang, Gerald W. Zamponi and Juliana G. Chichorro
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:219
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Several studies examined stress factors in both adult and pediatric patients with migraine, but few of them have analyzed coping strategies adopted to deal with stressful events in pediatric age. In particular...

    Authors: Martina Proietti Checchi, Samuela Tarantino, Laura Papetti, Fabiana Ursitti, Gabriele Monte, Giorgia Sforza, Alessandra Voci, Claudia Ruscitto and Massimiliano Valeriani
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:218
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Stroke ranks as the second leading cause of death worldwide. Meanwhile, headaches are considered the second leading cause of disability, and they often occur as a stroke complication. However, insufficient att...

    Authors: Ming-Hao Wang, Long-Jin Pan, Yong-Hui Zhang, Hui-Qi Zhu, Xue-Bo Zhu and Xue-Qiang Wang
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:217
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there are sex differences in vasomotor responses and receptor localization of hormones and neuropeptides with relevance to migraine (vasopressin, oxytocin, estr...

    Authors: Jacob C. A. Edvinsson, Irena Grubor, Aida Maddahi and Lars Edvinsson
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:216
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. The integration of machine learning (ML) classification techniques into migraine research has offered new insights into the pathophysiology and classification of migraine types and subtypes. However, inconsist...

    Authors: Igor Petrušić, Andrej Savić, Katarina Mitrović, Nebojša Bačanin, Gabriele Sebastianelli, Daniele Secci and Gianluca Coppola
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:215
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:223

  37. Combination treatments for migraine prophylaxis present a promising approach to addressing the diverse and complex mechanisms underlying migraine. This review explores the potential of combining oral conventio...

    Authors: Lanfranco Pellesi, David Garcia-Azorin, Eloisa Rubio-Beltrán, Wook-Seok Ha, Roberta Messina, Raffaele Ornello, Igor Petrusic, Bianca Raffaelli, Alejandro Labastida-Ramirez, Ruth Ruscheweyh, Claudio Tana, Doga Vuralli, Marta Waliszewska-Prosół, Wei Wang and William Wells-Gatnik
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:214
    Content type: Review Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:66

  38. Chronic pain poses a clinical challenge due to its associated costly disability and treatment needs. Determining how pain transitions from acute to chronic is crucial for effective management. Upregulation of ...

    Authors: Shi-Ze Leng, Mei-Jia Fang, Yi-Min Wang, Zhen-Jia Lin, Qian-Yi Li, Ya-Nan Xu, Chun-Lin Mai, Jun-Ya Wan, Yangyinhui Yu, Ming Wei, Ying Li, Yu-Fan Zheng, Kai-Lang Zhang, Ya-Juan Wang, Li-jun Zhou, Zhi Tan…
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:213
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Resistant and refractory migraine are commonly encountered in specialized headache centers. Several comorbidities, mostly psychiatric conditions, have been linked to migraine worsening; however, there is littl...

    Authors: C. Rosignoli, R. Ornello, V. Caponnetto, A. Onofri, S. Avaltroni, M. Braschinsky, O. Šved, R. Gil-Gouveia, C. Lampl, J. Paungarttner, P Martelletti, W. D. Wells-Gatnik, I. P. Martins, D. Mitsikostas, L. Apostolakopoulou, G. Nabaei…
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:212
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. To present the first Brazilian real-world results with galcanezumab and provide a consensus expert opinion on the prophylactic treatment of cluster headache (CH) in Brazil.

    Authors: Abouch Krymchantowski, Carla Jevoux, Élcio Juliato Piovesan, Marcelo Moraes Valença, Fernando Kowacs, Pedro André Kowacs, Fabíola Dach, Paulo Hélio Monzillo, Carlos Alberto Bordini and Raimundo Pereira Silva-Néto
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:211
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) plays a role in orofacial pain and headaches and is a target for pain modulation. Onabotulinum toxin-A injections have been described as a treatment for several neuropathic pa...

    Authors: Marvin Thepsoparn, Prakit Anukoolwittaya, Patcharapol Toeypromthong and Chanon Thanaboriboon
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:210
    Content type: Brief Report Published on:

  42. We have previously found that almost two thirds (64.6%) of adults in Peru have an active headache disorder. Here, using data from the same sample, we present attributed burden at individual and population leve...

    Authors: Guiovanna Quispe, Cesar Loza, Luis Limaco, Ruth Gallegos, Carlos Palomino-Diaz, Ivett Cruz, Jacqueline Miranda, Liliana Rodriguez, Andreas Husøy and Timothy J. Steiner
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:209
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Previous research has shown an association between migraine and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, limited studies have explored the progression of cardiovascular health (CVH) among individuals with migr...

    Authors: Jingbo Liang, Jia-Jun Ma, Harry Haoxiang Wang, Qingling Yang, Tongyu Ma, Qi Sun, Lin Yang and Yao Jie Xie
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:208
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Neuropathic pain involves neuroinflammation and upregulation of glycolysis in the central nervous system. Unfortunately, few effective treatments are available for managing this type of pain. The overactivatio...

    Authors: Hao-Jung Cheng, Nan-Fu Chen, Wu-Fu Chen, Zong-Sheng Wu, Yu-Yo Sun, Wei-Nung Teng, Fu-Wei Su, Chun-Sung Sung and Zhi-Hong Wen
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:207
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Triptans selectively agoniste 5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) receptors and are widely used in the treatment of migraine. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of comprehensive real-world clinical research on the safety o...

    Authors: Wen-Hui Liu, Hui-Min Hu, Chen Li, Qing Shi, Chun-Hua Liu, An-Xiang Liu, Yi-Fan Li, Yi Zhang, Peng Mao and Bi-Fa Fan
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:206
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP), migraine, and cluster headache (CH) profoundly impact the quality of life and present significant clinical challenges due to their complex neurobiological underpinnings. This...

    Authors: Jaisan Islam, Md Taufiqur Rahman, Muhammad Ali, Elina KC and Young Seok Park
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:205
    Content type: Review Published on:

  47. To delineate the structural connectome alterations in patients with chronic migraine (CM), episodic migraine (EM), and healthy controls (HCs).

    Authors: Yanliang Mei, Dong Qiu, Zhonghua Xiong, Xiaoshuang Li, Peng Zhang, Mantian Zhang, Xue Zhang, Yaqing Zhang, Xueying Yu, Zhaoli Ge, Zhe Wang, Binbin Sui, Yonggang Wang and Hefei Tang
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:204
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common comorbid symptom affecting at least one-third of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). While neuroinflammation is known to contribute to the development of...

    Authors: Gurueswar Nagarajan and Yumin Zhang
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:203
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in The Journal of Headache and Pain 2025 26:10

  49. Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder affecting 14.1% of the global population. Despite advances in genetic research, further investigation is needed to identify therapeutic targets and better understa...

    Authors: Jiafei Lou, Miaoqian Tu, Maosheng Xu, Zhijian Cao and Wenwen Song
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:202
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. There is a lack of up-to-date information on the prevalence and burden of headache in Norway. Here we describe the methods and validation of the diagnostic tool of the PopHEAD study, a study designed to determ...

    Authors: Maria Bengtson Argren, Helene Engstrand, Andreas Kattem Husøy, John-Anker Zwart and Bendik Slagsvold Winsvold
    Citation: The Journal of Headache and Pain 2024 25:201
    Content type: Research Published on:
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  • ISSN: 1129-2377 (electronic)
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ISSN: 1129-2377

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